THE FUTURE OF
PEPTIDE SCIENCE

Synthetic gastric-derived pentadecapeptide investigated in regenerative biology, tissue response, and related biological pathways.

Naturally occurring incretin hormone and the foundation of a class of modern metabolic medications. Multiple GLP-1 receptor agonist medications are FDA-approved for specific indications; the term GLP-1 refers to a hormone pathway and medication class rather than a single drug.

Synthetic pentapeptide growth hormone secretagogue and ghrelin-receptor agonist investigated in human pharmacology research for endogenous growth hormone release, GH selectivity, and postoperative gastrointestinal motility.

FDA-approved synthetic GHRH analog for reducing excess abdominal fat in HIV-associated lipodystrophy; researched for visceral adipose tissue, IGF-1 signaling, and liver fat.

Naturally occurring copper-binding plasma tripeptide investigated in dermal remodeling, wound healing, and tissue response research.

Synthetic cyclic seven-amino-acid melanocortin receptor agonist (bremelanotide). An FDA-approved bremelanotide product exists for acquired, generalized hypoactive sexual desire disorder in premenopausal women; other applications — including male use and general sexual enhancement — are not FDA-approved.

Essential cellular coenzyme involved in energy metabolism, redox reactions, sirtuin signaling, and age-associated biological research.

Two distinct experimental peptides discussed together for education: TB-500 (thymosin beta-4 fragment, tissue-repair research) and PE-22-28 (TREK-1 spadin analog, neurological signaling research).

Naturally occurring 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide investigated for roles in metabolic signaling, AMPK activation, insulin sensitivity, exercise response and aging biology.

Synthetic 16-amino-acid fragment of human growth hormone investigated for potential effects related to fat metabolism, lipolysis, and energy utilization.

Synthetic tetrapeptide investigated in laboratory and animal research for potential interactions with telomerase activity, telomere biology, cellular aging, melatonin regulation, and circadian pathways.

Synthetic growth hormone-releasing hormone analog investigated in human research for sustained stimulation of endogenous GH and IGF-1 secretion, growth-hormone pulsatility, and the GH/IGF-1 endocrine axis.

Dual GIP and GLP-1 incretin receptor agonist with FDA-approved formulations for type 2 diabetes, chronic weight management, and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in qualifying populations.

GLP-1 receptor agonist (approximately 97% similar to native human GLP-1) with FDA-approved formulations for chronic weight management, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular risk reduction in qualifying populations.

GLP-1 receptor agonist (approximately 94% similar to native human GLP-1) with multiple FDA-approved formulations spanning weight management, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular risk reduction, diabetic chronic kidney disease, and noncirrhotic MASH in qualifying populations.

Nine-amino-acid experimental peptide (emideltide) investigated in older human and animal studies for proposed roles in sleep initiation, slow-wave activity, circadian regulation, and neuroendocrine signaling.

Mechano Growth Factor — a term associated with an IGF-1 splice variant (IGF-1Ec) — investigated in human expression studies and preclinical muscle, satellite-cell, cartilage, and regenerative biology research.

Synthetic three-amino-acid peptide bioregulator investigated in laboratory, animal, and limited human research for potential roles in neuroprotection, oxidative stress, neuronal signaling, learning, serotonin biology, and brain-aging pathways.

Synthetic seven-amino-acid tuftsin-derived peptide investigated in limited human anxiety studies and preclinical research for potential effects involving GABAergic signaling, enkephalin metabolism, serotonin, BDNF, learning, and memory.

Synthetic seven-amino-acid ACTH-fragment-derived peptide investigated in preclinical BDNF/neurotrophin signaling research and limited human ischemic stroke and rehabilitation studies for potential roles in neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, and cognitive recovery.

Naturally occurring nine-amino-acid neuropeptide hormone and FDA-approved obstetric medication. Established obstetric uses are FDA-approved; intranasal behavioral, social, sexual, and wellness applications are not FDA-approved.